A Probabilistic Misbehavior Detection Scheme towards Efficient Trust Establishment in Delay-tolerant Networks

A Probabilistic Misbehavior Detection Scheme towards Efficient Trust Establishment in Delay-tolerant Networks

ABSTRACT:

Malicious and selfish behaviors represent a serious threat against routing in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs). Due to the unique network characteristics, designing a misbehavior detection scheme in DTN is regarded as a great challenge. In this paper, we propose iTrust, a probabilistic misbehavior detection scheme, for secure DTN routing towards efficient trust establishment. The basic idea of iTrust is introducing a periodically available Trusted Authority (TA) to judge the node’s behavior based on the collected routing evidences and probabilistically checking. We model iTrust as the Inspection Game and use game theoretical analysis to demonstrate that, by setting an appropriate investigation probability, TA could ensure the security of DTN routing at a reduced cost. To further improve the efficiency of the proposed scheme, we correlate detection probability with a node’s reputation, which allows a dynamic detection probability determined by the trust of the users. The extensive analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme substantiates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme.

EXISTING SYSTEM:

In DTNs, a node could misbehave by dropping packets intentionally even when it has the capability to forward the data (e.g., sufficient buffers and meeting opportunities). Routing misbehavior can be caused by selfish (or rational) nodes that try to maximize their own benefits by enjoying the services provided by DTN while refusing to forward the bundles for others, or malicious nodes that drop packets or modifying the packets to launch attacks.

Recently, there are quite a few proposals for misbehaviors detection in DTNs, most of which are based on forwarding history verification (e.g., multi-layered credit, three-hop feedback mechanism, or encounter ticket), which are costly in terms of transmission overhead and verification cost. The security overhead incurred by forwarding history checking is critical for a DTN since expensive security operations will be translated into more energy consumptions, which represents a fundamental challenge in resource constrained DTN.

DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:

] Malicious and selfish behaviors represent a serious threat against routing in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs).

] Due to the unique network characteristics, designing a misbehavior detection scheme in DTN is regarded as a great challenge.

] Even though the existing misbehavior detection schemes work well for the traditional wireless networks, the unique network characteristics including lack of contemporaneous path, high variation in network conditions, difficulty to predict mobility patterns, and long feedback delay, have made the neighborhood monitoring based misbehavior detection scheme unsuitable for DTNs

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

ü In this paper, we propose iTrust, a probabilistic misbehavior detection scheme, for secure DTN routing towards efficient trust establishment.

ü The basic idea of iTrust is introducing a periodically available Trusted Authority (TA) to judge the node’s behavior based on the collected routing evidences and probabilistically checking.

ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:

ü Reduce the detection overhead effectively.

ü Improved Security.

ü Improved Efficiency.

ü Will reduce transmission overhead incurred by misbehavior detection and detect the malicious nodes effectively.

MODULES:

v System Model

v Routing Model

v Threat Model

v Itrust Scheme

MODULES DESCRIPTION:

System Model

In this paper, we adopt the system model where we consider a normal DTN consisted of mobile devices owned by individual users. Each node i is assumed to have a unique ID Ni and a corresponding public/private key pair. We assume that each node must pay a deposit C before it joins the network, and the deposit will be paid back after the node leaves if there is no misbehavior activity of the node. We assume that a periodically available TA exists so that it could take the responsibility of misbehavior detection in DTN. For a specific detection target Ni, TA will request Ni’s forwarding history in the global network. Therefore, each node will submit its collected Ni’s forwarding history to TA via two possible approaches. In some hybrid DTN network environment, the transmission between TA and each node could be also performed in a direct transmission manner (e.g., WIMAX or cellular networks). We argue that since the misbehavior detection is performed periodically, the message transmission could be performed in a batch model, which could further reduce the transmission overhead.

Routing Model

We adopt the single-copy routing mechanism such as First Contact routing protocol, and we assume the communication range of a mobile node is finite. Thus a data sender out of destination node’s communication range can only transmit packetized data via a sequence of intermediate nodes in a multi-hop manner. Our misbehaving detection scheme can be applied to delegation based routing protocols or multi-copy based routing ones, such as MaxProp and ProPHET. We assume that the network is loosely synchronized (i.e., any two nodes should be in the same time slot at any time).

Threat Model

First of all, we assume that each node in the networks is rational and a rational node’s goal is to maximize its own profit. In this work, we mainly consider two kinds of DTN nodes: selfish nodes and malicious nodes. Due to the selfish nature and energy consuming, selfish nodes are not willing to forward bundles for others without sufficient reward. As an adversary, the malicious nodes arbitrarily drop others’ bundles (blackhole or greyhole attack), which often take place beyond others’ observation in a sparse DTN, leading to serious performance degradation. Note that any of the selfish actions above can be further complicated by the collusion of two or more nodes.

Itrust Scheme

In this section, we will present a novel basic iTrust scheme for misbehavior detection scheme in DTNs. The basic iTrust has two phases, including Routing Evidence Generation Phase and Routing Evidence Auditing Phase. In the evidence generation phase, the nodes will generate contact and data forwarding evidence for each contact or data forwarding. In the subsequent auditing phase, TA will distinguish the normal nodes from the misbehaving nodes.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

•         System                 : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.

•         Hard Disk            : 40 GB.

•         Floppy Drive       : 1.44 Mb.

•         Monitor                : 15 VGA Colour.

•         Mouse                  : Logitech.

•         Ram                     : 512 Mb.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

•         Operating system           : - Windows XP.

•         Coding Language :  C#.Net.

•         Data Base             :  SQL Server 2005

REFERENCE:

Haojin Zhu, Member, IEEE, Suguo Du, Zhaoyu Gao, Student Member, IEEE, Mianxiong Dong, Member, IEEE, and Zhenfu Cao, Senior Member, IEEE, “A Probabilistic Misbehavior Detection Scheme towards Efficient Trust Establishment in Delay-tolerant Networks”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, 2014.